Martin Luther King, Speech Research - 1572 Words

Introduction- English, speech I have a dream was one of the most powerful and influential speeches of all time, it not only created the realisation that the Negro was not free, it persuaded that of white people to make a change for the benefit of the African Americans. The African American civil rights movement was creeping forward but two individuals created a greater atmosphere for the reinforcement of the movement, sure William Wilberforce abolished the slave trade for Britain in 1807, and that was just the start, but 203 years later the African Americans are now equal. It took time but nonetheless it happened. In essence the African American civil rights movement was Martin Luther king’s dream, and that dream has come true. Martin†¦show more content†¦However, during the presidential campaign and after he was nominated for the Democrats, Kennedy made it clear in his speeches that he was a supporter of civil rights. Some saw the opposition to the 1957 Act as understandable from a political point of view. Others have adopted a more cynical view which is that Kennedy recognised that he needed the ‘Black Vote’ if he was to beat Nixon. Hence why he said in his campaign speeches that discrimination stained America. Kennedy did not exploit the African American civil rights movement as a scheme to gain more votes, Kennedy wanted the African Americans to be equal, so he took their side, He wanted a better world where blacks and whites were equal, through martin Luther king Jr’s dream, Kennedy also had a vision of this dream where everyone was equal. A world where everyone is not equal is hardly a world at all, and john F Kennedy was a supporter of the new world, he was inspired both through getting the black vote and making a change for the better, with a vision of the new world. Kennedy helped shape the world to what it is today with equality and harmony through all individuals no matter what the race or colour or religion. Within the three speeches in which I have chosen to analyse, there are three main techniques that all three speakers use. These techniques help to make the speeches more effective and have a deeper impact. Repetition is a key point throughout all these speeches, in martin Luther king’sShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Life of Martin Luther King Jr.1244 Words   |  5 Pagesworld. Martin Luther King, Jr. was born to Alberta and Martin Luther King. Alberta Williams King was born September 13, 1904 in Atlanta, Georgia. Martin Luther King, Sr. was born December 19, 1899 in Stockbridge, Georgia. Martins dad was a pastor at the Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta, Georgia. His mother was a school teacher. His siblings were Christine King Farris born September 11, 1927, and Alfred Daniel Williams King born July 30, 1930. Martin was the middle child. Martin Luther KingRead MoreThe Political Movement Of The Late Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.921 Words   |  4 Pagesbased on the political movement of the late Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. â€Å"On August 28, 1963, Martin Luther King Jr., delivered a speech to a massive group of civil rights marchers gathered around the Lincoln memorial in Washington DC. The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom brought together the nation’s most prominent civil rights leaders, along with tens of thousands of marchers, to press the United States government for equality, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr (August 28, 1963).† The environment at thatRead MoreCivil War Movement : Martin Luther King Jr Malcolm X1212 Words   |  5 PagesEmuna Korenblit Research paper History 11.21 December 23, 2014 Civil War Movement: Martin Luther King Jr/ Malcolm X Many years after blacks had received citizenship and the right to vote there was still much bias against them. Because of their skin color African Americans hadn’t been treated fairly and did not haveRead MoreA Research on The Civil Rights Movement1448 Words   |  6 Pages Research Paper My research topic is about the Civil Rights Movement (Martin Luther King Jr. Vs Malcolm X) and will be focusing on two important icons that have an important part of African American History. I am going to further discuss in this research paper, â€Å"What were the views of Martin Luther King. Jr and Malcolm X during the Civil Rights movement? What were their goals and methods to achieve equality and peace?† Both leaders wanted to unite the black race with the white race and achieveRead MoreLanguage Fallacies813 Words   |  4 Pageslanguage; Vatterott, a Civil Rights activist, noted that racial equality is supported through speech and actions (Murray 27). James Baldwin and Walt Wolfram have two distinct methods, while sharing similar sentiment of how the movement interacted with language. Baldwin writes about how the black community has developed a language of their own. On the other hand, Wolfram addresses how Martin Luther King Jr. adapted his language to appeal to a vari ety of socioeconomic groups. While both authors succumbRead More1. In 1967, in his book Where Do We Go from Here: Chaos or Community? Martin Luther King600 Words   |  3 PagesChaos or Community? Martin Luther King criticized Johnsons War on Poverty for being too piecemeal, saying that programs created under the war on poverty such as housing programs, job training and family counseling all had a fatal disadvantage [because] the programs have never proceeded on a coordinated basis...[and noted that] at no time has a total, coordinated and fully adequate program been conceived. In his speech on April 4, 1967 at Riverside Church in New City, King connected the warRead MoreAnalysis Of Martin Luther King s I Have A Dream 1241 Words   |  5 PagesOn August 28, 1963 Martin Luther King was joined with 250,000 people for his â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech in Washington. It was one of the greatest assembling of people in human history and Dr. King executed it perfectly. With only w ords in his hands, he convinced all of angry African-Americans to think critically. It is like he had a superpower to convince anyone with only his words. Even if it was someone who disagreed with him, he always managed to find a common ground and that was sometimes our humanRead MoreMartin Luther King, Jr.s Speech, I have a Dream, Led to Change in Civil Rights1732 Words   |  7 PagesMartin Luther King, Jr.’s â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech on August 28, 1963 led the way for a much needed change in America’s Civil Rights Era. Martin’s life brought about much needed change to allow black people to have equal opportunities. Martin Luther King, Jr. came from a long line of Southern Baptist Preachers. His father and grandfather’s influence led the way for him to also become a Baptist preacher. The man he was came from his strong convictions in the word of God. This gave him the courage andRead MoreThe I Have A Dream Speech1335 Words   |  6 Pagesass assinations of political figures, to riots and protests to end segregation were just a few of the problems that started in this year. Martin Luther King Jr. was a huge political figure in this era. He began protests and marches that lead to controversy around the United States. These marches and protests however, lead to violent acts. He also delivered the â€Å"I Have a Dream Speech† and changed the world that we live in today. Next, the 16th Street Baptist church bombing occurred leaving a lot of controversyRead MoreAnalysis Of Walt Whitman s Works And Pieces1452 Words   |  6 PagesJustin Polkowitz Mrs. Ryan Academic English 2 26 April 2015 Social Change Research Paper These writers and activists are strongly opposed to slavery, and oppression and want to obtain the same rights, social status, and equality as everyone else. They have identical goals that they want to fulfill and are well aware of the controversy that they will not ignore that society has to collaborate to resolve problems and issues in order to unify the nation as one. It is important that all races are

Case 12-05 Free Essays

MEMO: LabCo must determine if their accounting policy for the revenue treatment of its construction contracts is reasonable, if it is appropriate for LabCo to change its method of accounting for the Halibut contract from the percentage-of-completion method to the completed-contract method and how the change should be treated on the basis of the guidance provided within ASC 250, and how LabCo’s accounting policy and accounting for the Halibut contract may change under IFRS if adopted in the coming year. This memorandum will provide support for how the overall conclusion, based on the issues above, was reached. Facts Accounting Policy for Revenue Treatment LabCo is a large construction contracting firm, and negotiates all of its contracts with its customers on either a fixed-price or cost-plus basis. We will write a custom essay sample on Case 12-05 or any similar topic only for you Order Now LabCo has developed an accounting policy for revenue recognition related to its customized construction contracts, as follows: â€Å"The Company performs under a variety of contracts, some of which provide for reimbursement of cost plus fees, and others that are fixed-price-type contracts. Revenues and fees on these contracts are primarily recognized on a contract-by-contract basis using the percentage-of-completion method of accounting, which is most often based on contract costs incurred to date compared with total estimated costs at completion (cost-to-cost method). † â€Å"The completed-contract method of accounting is used in instances in which reliably dependable estimates of the total costs to be incurred under a specific contract cannot be made. † Change in Method of Accounting for Revenue Treatment LabCo has entered into a contract with Halibut to build a six-axis laser cutting machine. The contract entered into was for a fixed-price and requires detailed and involved performance specifications. Even though this was a unique arrangement that required a great deal of customer specification, LabCo believed that with its extensive experience performing under similar contracts, including previous contract with Halibut, the percentage-of-completion method of accounting for this contract was appropriate. After LabCo began experiencing significant difficulties in the design and manufacture of the six-axis laser cutting machine, (including design revisions, certain engineering costs needing to be outsourced, and the cost of steel used in the production of the frame of the machine rising unexpectedly) they determined that their estimate of the overall cost to complete the contract needed to be revised. LabCo expected that the overall project would incur total costs that would be in excess of the total fixed-fee contract price negotiated with Halibut. As a result, management updated its estimates used in percentage-of-completion accounting to reflect both the cost overruns incurred as well as the cost overruns expected to be incurred, and also recorded a provision for the entire loss on the contract in the period in which it became aware that the contract costs would exceed the total contract value. After six-months, LabCo delivered the six-axis laser cutting machine to Halibut. Yet, when final test were ran using the six-axis, the machine failed to perform up to Halibut’s specifications as defined in the contract. LabCo then had to redesign, fix, and remedy the various issues with the machine. Upon notification of these continued problems, LabCo’s CAO determined that total estimates of the contract costs to be incurred for the Halibut contract were no longer able to be reliably determined. Therefore, the use of the percentage-of-completion method of accounting was deemed no longer an appropriate method of revenue recognition for this particular contract. As a result, the determination was made that LabCo would switch to a completed-contract method of revenue recognition for the duration of its contract with Halibut. Analysis Percentage-of-Completion Method Based upon review of ASC 605-35-25-56, the use of the percentage-of-completion method depends on the ability to make reasonably dependable estimates, which, for purposes of this Subtopic, relates to estimates of the extent of progress toward completion, contract revenues, and contract costs. Furthermore, according to ASC 605-35-25-57, the percentage-of-completion method is considered preferable as an accounting policy in circumstances in which reasonably dependable estimates can be made and in which all the following conditions exist: a. Contracts executed by the parties normally include provisions that clearly specify the enforceable rights regarding goods or services to be provided and received by the parties, the consideration to be exchanged, and the manner and terms of settlement. . The buyer can be expected to satisfy all obligations under the contract. c. The contractor can be expected to perform all contractual obligations. ASC 605-35-25-61 states, an entity using the percentage-of-completion method as its basic accounting policy shall use the completed-contract method for a single contract or a group of contracts for which reasonably dependable estimates cannot be made or for which inherent hazards make estimates doubtful. Completed-Contract Method Based on review of ASC 605-35-25-90, when lack of dependable estimates or inherent hazards cause forecasts to be doubtful, the completed-contract method is preferable. Inherent hazards relate to contract conditions or external factors that raise questions about contract estimates and about the ability of either the contractor or the customer to perform all obligations under the contract. Inherent hazards that may cause contract estimates to be doubtful usually differ from inherent business risks. Business entities engaged in contracting, like all business entities, are exposed to numerous business risks that vary from contract to contract. The reliability of the estimating process in contract accounting does not depend on the absence of such risks. Assessing business risks is a function of users of financial statements. According to ASC 630-35-25-97, Circumstances to be considered in determining when a project is substantially completed include, for example, delivery of the product, acceptance by the customer, departure from the site, and compliance with performance specifications. Changes to and from Percentage-of-Completion and Completed-Contract Methods Based on review of ASC 605-35-25-94, the completed-contract method is preferable in circumstances in which estimates cannot meet the criteria for reasonable dependability discussed in paragraph 605-35-25-57 or in which there are inherent hazards of the nature of those discussed in paragraphs 605-35-25-65 through 25-66. An entity using the percentage-of-completion method as its basic accounting policy shall depart from that policy and use the completed-contract method for a single contract or a group of contracts only in the circumstances described in paragraph 605-35-25-61. In addition, 605-35-25-95 states, an entity using the completed-contract method as its basic accounting policy shall depart from that policy for a single contract or a group of contracts not having the features described in paragraphs 605-35-25-92 through 25-93 and use the percentage-of-completion method on one of the bases described in paragraphs 605-35-25-60 through 25-61. Accounting Changes and Error Corrections According to ASC 980-250-55-3, if a regulated entity changes accounting methods and the change does not affect costs that are allowable for rate-making purposes, the regulated entity would apply the change in the same manner as would an unregulated entity. If a regulated entity changes accounting methods and the change affects allowable costs for rate-making purposes, the change generally would be implemented in the way that it is implemented for regulatory purposes. A change in the method of accounting for research and development costs, either from a policy of capitalization and amortization to one of charging those costs to expense as incurred or vice versa, is an example of that type of change. Adopting IFRS Based on review of IAS 18 – Revenue, the recognition of revenue by reference to the stage of completion of a transaction is often referred to as the percentage-of-completion method. Under this method, revenue is recognized in the accounting periods in which the services are rendered. The recognition of revenue on this basis provides useful information on the extent of service activity and performance during a period. When the outcome of the transaction involving the rendering of services cannot be estimated reliably, revenue shall be recognized only to the extent of the expenses recognized that are recoverable. Conclusion Accounting Policy for Revenue Treatment Based on the facts presented and the analysis performed, LabCo’s accounting policy for the revenue treatment of its construction contracts appears reasonable. On the other hand, while it makes sense to use the percentage-of-completion method for contracts that can be reasonably estimated, the completed-contract method of accounting appears to be the â€Å"preferred† method, due to the specific criteria that must be met in order to qualify for such reasonableness under the percentage-of-completion method of accounting. Change in Method of Accounting for Revenue Treatment Based on the facts provided and the analysis performed, it is appropriate for LabCo to change is method of accounting for the Halibut contract from the percentage-of-completion method to the completed contract method. According to the guidance (stated above), â€Å"An entity using the percentage-of-completion method as its basic accounting policy shall depart from that policy and use the completed-contract method for a single contract or a group of contracts only in the circumstances described in paragraph 605-35-25-61. The Halibut contract adheres to this policy, and because there were unexpected issues that caused for the contract to no longer be reasonably estimated, they are correct in their reasoning for changing to the completed-contract method. On the basis of the guidance provided within ASC 250, Accounting Changes and Error Corrections (provided above), this change should be treated in one of two ways: (1) If a regulated entity’s change in accounting methods does not affect rate-making costs, the change would be applied in the same manner as an unregulated entity. 2) If a regulated entity’s change in accounting methods does affect rate-making costs, the change would be implemented based on regulatory purposes. Adopting IFRS If LabCo decides to adopt IFRS in the upcoming year, there will be a slight change in the Company’s accounting policy, as well as their accounting for the Halibut contract. The use of the percentage-of-completion method when contracts can be reasonably estimated will remain consistent with IFRS. However, whenever these costs cannot be reasonably estimated, instead of using the completed-contract method, IFRS states that revenue shall be recognized â€Å"only to the extent of the expenses recognized that are recoverable. † Therefore, the accounting for the Halibut contract will change under IFRS in the same way. In this instance, rather than switching from percentage-of-completion to the completed-contract method, LabCo’s contract change would consist of altering the percentage-of-completion method in order to adapt to the recognition of revenue as stated by IFRS in the paragraph above. How to cite Case 12-05, Papers

Light free essay sample

â€Å"We have to stay here to finish out the school year. We can move in the summer when things are calmer.† My father’s soothing voice penetrates the front door, signaling that my mother is not in a good mood. I inhale sharply before turning the doorknob. I dodge the boxes that litter the entry. The walls shine from a still-wet coat of white paint. The lemon floor cleaner floats in the air, even though the tile is covered with boxes, pans, and paint buckets. Both my parents simply sit on the kitchen floor. â€Å"We have to move†, my mother speaks with the haste of a child . My father counters, †I agree, but it would be best for us to get the details worked out before we start packing.† â€Å"I’m not packing, I’m organizing.† My mother assures. At this point, my mother’s bipolar takes control, so all hope of reasoning with her is lost. We will write a custom essay sample on Light or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For the next few days, my family carefully wades over the newly formed egg shells. A week later, my dad, mom, brother, and I sit down to talk about moving.We all agree it is best to leave our current city for a better life.The school district where we live is below par and is considering having me skip another grade. Also, my dad had been falsely accused of some crimes a year earlier and our house burned down in a fire recently. All of us know that our life here is not a hopeful one. I jump online, trying to find the perfect place to base our new lives around. Poll after poll I notice that two cities keep appearing: Middleton and Madison, WI. I research these cities to see if they could be right for my family. Surrounded by lakes, having all four seasons, a great school system, and a safe area; It is perfect. I show my parents my life plan that I construct around Middleton High School and UW-Madison, making sure to use my puppy eyes. Six months later, I am hauling boxes into our new apartment.That day my life plans begin to fall into place. Now I have a chance to complete my goals from the seventh grade. In a year, my bike tires may guide me through the UW campus, as I swerve to my classes. Jumping around in my Badger gear after every third quarter will be natural. The Socratic Society and Badger Yearbook will empower me, just as becoming a Writing Fellow will allow me to blossom as an advisor. The University of Wisconsin has been my light at the end of the tunnel for years. I am now ready to walk into that light with confidence and poise.

Rainy Season in the Tropics free essay sample

This painting, as well as his other ones, makes you want to step into it and explore that part of the world for yourself. What drew me to this painting was the halo in the open sky, and as youre looking at the painting, youre looking down at the whole valley. You can see the forest, the canon, the misty water fall and the explorers on the trail. To me, it makes me wonder what it would be like, to be exploring that beautiful place. The birds eye view, Frederic Edwin Chuch, gives you just draws you in because you can see the valley as if you are really there. Theres a mixture of gray and dull colors along with a dark green forest.I think the primary concern of the painting would be the misty waterfall and canyon that catches are attention first. Along side of that is the dark green forest with explorers heading off into the unknown of the jungle. We will write a custom essay sample on Rainy Season in the Tropics or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The visual weight of the explorers make the composition of the painting very balanced because theyre wearing shades of red and blue, and surrounding them are dark spots of the forest and vast spaces of the sky and valley. My favorite part of this painting is the Halo. The halo shows the viewers the beauty of nature, and its right in the middle. It stretches across the painting connecting the two together.The halo is a curved line, and it shows naturalism which is exactly what this painting is about. The colors of the Halo brings the painting to life. I think that Church is attentive to detail because he added all of the seven colors of the rainbow into a very thin halo and its at its brightest in the middle of the rainbow and slowly fades away and blends in with the blue sky. Just like the dynamic of nature, when you see a rainbow fade away, you just see the beautiful rain out sky. They way he blended the rainbow with the sky and the mist makes it look so realistic and alive with nature.

Alzheimers Disease and its Effects essays

Alzheimers Disease and its Effects essays Memory is an essential part of everyones daily life; therefore, memory loss can be a stressful and sometimes frightening experience. However, for so many people, memory loss reaches to far greater extents than where someone left his or her wallet or where one parked their car in a parking lot. It is thought by scientists that as many as 4.5 million Americans suffer from the severe form of dementia, Alzheimers disease (AD). Alzheimers disease is a progressive brain disease that affects a persons ability to remember, speak, learn, or even do simple tasks such as brushing ones teeth or combing ones hair. Being a form of dementia, it not only targets memory, but mood and behavior changes as well. As AD progresses, its symptoms impact every part of a persons life. Eventually, such common tasks as bathing and getting dressed become troublesome and stressful activities. Sadly, as the stages of AD worsen, the person suffering with the disease eventually will require complete care in order to live in normal day to day life. Though scientists continue to research Alzheimers disease, there is yet to be a known cause or cure. It is known that deposits, known as plaques and tangles, form in the brain and thus disrupt the flow of messages through the brain. AD is most commonly found in people over the age of 65. Along with increasing age, family history of AD greatly increases a persons chance for developing AD. Women are also at higher risk for developing AD along with people that have suffered a traumatic head injury. Because little is known about the onset of Alzheimers disease, a diagnosis can be hard. AD can, however, be correctly diagnosed ninety percent of the time in specialized centers. Tests of memory, problem-solving, counting and language are all examined. Urine and blood tests may also be run to find other possible causes for the patients symptoms. Drug-reacti...

Business and Sustainability for Social Media

The management of the modern business entity will be judged by the actions taken in the course of doing business and the impact on the environment in which the business is operating. Ethics in business affects the decisions that will be taken by the management and the leadership of such organizations. Ethics in business is concerned with ensuring practices that will ensure best practices that are sustainable in the long term. Thus business ethics will ultimately lead to practices that are good and legal yet without a legal obligation. The business ethics will be closely linked to the shareholders and their rights, ethical issues affecting employees, impact in the environment and responsibility in production and sourcing. This holistic approach to business coupled with ethical decisions will lead to the business being run sustainably is a   universal ideal that requires a universal code of ethics for global business (Leach   2012)   and can be achieved as seen from the UN Global pact principles of doing business. The answer to the above question will be answered by holistically incorporating responses from several case studies as well as interrogating the application of theories on ethical business. The answer to the question is that there is a need for universal codes of ethics which are global and can be achieved by knowledge dissemination and training as well as setting minimum standards for doing business. The UN Global pact is one such ideal code of conduct which can be applied universally. The principles that underpin the UN Global pact will also be used as a reference point as to whether the ethical business theories espoused can be applied universally and the limitations that may arise. The case studies in consideration are taken from the book by Crane and Matten and are from chapters 3,6,7,8 and 9. The answers to the ethical dilemma posed by the case studies will be used as a consideration to answering the above question. There are two theories that underpin the ethics that are applicable to business ethics. The first theory can be referred to as descriptive and attempts to give a description of the moral systems of a group of people or society. The descriptive theory involves research that is empirical that is undertaken on individuals and societies. The theory integrates topics that cover the relativism of moral systems, values, the concepts of right and wrong as well as ethical ideals (Jaunich 2012). The other theory is the normative theory that proposes to prescribe the correct moral way of acting while doing business (Crane & Matten 2016). These are the rules that help us to differentiate the concepts of right and wrong as well as answering two important questions: how are men expected to behave and what is the ideal good life for men. There are several theories under the normative concept and include the ethical absolutism theory that was developed under the traditional ethical theories European philosophers. The ethical absolutism theory postulates that there are moral principles that are universally applicable to concrete contexts and situations (Fryer 2016). The consequentialist ethical theory bases moral judgment on the ou es of an action that is taken. The corollaries attached to this theory are that right or wrong depends on the results of the action that is taken. Another theory is the utilitarianism theory that posits that an action is morally right if the ou es will result in the greatest good happening to the greatest amount of people. The main corollary attached is that the goodness or badness of the agent is separated from the rightness or wrongness of the action. Other theories include the deontological theory, the virtue theory (Holland & Albrecht, 2013) and the ethical relativism theory. The UN global pact has ten principles that are the foundations expected of panies that run their operations sustainably. These ten principles are expected to be incorporated into the policies, values and strategies of an ethically responsible business entity (UN 2017). The principles are broadly defined within four parameters which are: human rights, labor, environment and anti-corruption. The human rights parameter has two principles which are that businesses should respect and support international human rights and also ensure they are not plicit to the abuses of such rights. Four principles fall under the labor parameter which is that businesses should recognize the right to collective bargaining for workers as well as the freedom of association.fro the workers. Another principle is that businesses should eliminate forms of labor which are pulsory and forced the abolition of child labor and eliminating practices of discrimination in respect to employment (UN 2017). Three principles under the environment parameter are that businesses should be cautious in their approach to environmental challenges while doing business. They should also be involved in initiatives that promote environmental responsibility and encourage technologies which are environmentally friendly. The anti-corruption parameter carries the principle of eliminating all forms of corruption, including bribery and extortion. The background to this case study is the setting of production to manufacture the confectionery which is unconventional and uses child labor. While the previous manufacturer in Portugal operated a conventional workshop or factory, the Thai manufacturer has no workshop but rather outsources the work to families who work munally to produce the finished goods (Crane & Matten 2016). While the quality may be the same as the Portuguese manufacturer, there is an ethical dilemma raised as to the use of child labor. The dilemma is that from the point of view of the product manager, child labor is outlawed under the UN labor principles dealing with child labor. Based on the virtue theory, the manager feels guilt (Wang, Cheney & Roper 2016). while purchasing gifts for his nieces when imagining they could be in a similar situation as child laborers. The dilemma is pounded in that this practice is widespread and accepted within the Thai culture but is wrong from the culture of the manager. The theory of ethical relativism would allow the use of child labor in the Thai culture since this practice is right within their norms but the same would be wrong within the culture of the manager. Thus the need for a universal code of conduct would be needed to bridge the gap between what is accepted within one culture and another so that the universal code b es the equalizing consideration as to what is morally right and acceptable. The ethical dilemma in this case study is seen in the manager working for PCC in light of the confidential information that he has access to (Rossouw 2011). The information should be kept confidential and he has a moral obligation to keep the same. He can also use the discretionary information to sell his shares and make a profit out of this information. He is also under the dilemma of whether to inform his best friend who will potentially use the same information to also make a profit by advising his clients to dispose of the shares of PCC (Crane & Matten 2016). The theory of ethical absolutism is applicable in this context due to the right s and responsibilities expected of a shareholder. The manager being a shareholder has a right to sell their shares to others while they also have the responsibility of not misappropriating nonpublic confidential information to trade their shares ( Petrick, Cragg & Sanudo 2011). The misuse of such information constitutes insider trading which is an absolute unethical and morally wrong. Coupled with the UN principles of anti-corruption, the insider trading is a considered form of corruption as well as there is an implied implicit form of human rights abuse to the other shareholders who are not privy to this information. Thus the need of a universal code that would prohibit and hold persons accountable who are engaged in such practices is needed. The moral dilemma in this case is whether to use the information gleaned from the social media site Facebook and use it as part of the critical process to make the decision as to whether to hire the lady in question (Crane & Matten 2016). While the information from the social media site is not acknowledged under law (Beasley & Haney 2013) as being part of the interview process, it carries with it information that if ignored could impact the pany negatively if negatively broadcasted by potential petitors. The use of the utilitarian theory would be applicable in this case as the decision by the human resource manger will produce the greatest good for the greatest number of people. This would include the pany, the shareholders, and the people under the trial as well as for the current employees (Strand 2014). The decision to hire the applicant with lesser qualifications but deemed to have better moral values will thus result in greater good for more people. The need for a universal code of conduct in business that is ethical is needed so as to ensure that the use of social media can be used with discretion while protecting the right of workers to associate, more so during non working hours. The code would thus balance the right of the worker while at the same time ensure that the rights of the employer are not disregarded for their mutual good. There are ethical issues involved when goods are labeled as organic from the perspective of the consumer. The organic label implies that the goods are produced in an ecologically sustainable and ethical way (Crane & Matten 2016). The implied ethics could be in relation to the treatment of the animals which is ethical and the use of crop husbandry practices which are ethically and environmentally sound. There is also the dilemma posed by the production of food organically as it carries long-term challenges of ultimately being more destructive (Crane & Matten 2016) to the environment through more land required to produce the same amount of food through conventional means. The organic labeling also encourages certification of food that is fraudulent and misleading to the consumer. A consumer purchasing on the eco label might consume food contaminated with pesticides while paying a premium for a lie (Thompson 2015). The moral rights theory that gives the right to life and safety is a right that is often violated within the organic foods industry by the production of food which is unsafe and dangerous while at the same time degrading the environment (Zsolnai 2011). A universal code of ethical conduct in business would lead to certification that is also universal with the same quality expectations in every country of origin. This would eliminate unethical certification and outright fraud within the industry. The ethics of sustainable sourcing is increasingly important aspect of doing business especially for panies that source for their raw materials globally (Akkucuk 2017). The case study on Uzbek goes to show that the use of raw materials that have been grown or sourced within practices deemed to be unethical is no longer acceptable (Crane & Matten 2016). panies that are keen to do business ethically will endeavor to establish a chain along its different suppliers who do not infringe upon the minimum expected standards of doing business (Seay 2015). This may include not using child labor, use of forced labor or payment of wages which are considered as slave wages. This applies also to operations which are run as sweatshops in order to reduce the cost of production. The Uzbek case study is important to show how more than 150 panies who are guided by a universal code of conduct decided to boycott purchasing Uzbek cotton in order to enforce change on production practices (James 2015). This led to the abolition of child labor below 16 years of age and which is one of the principles espoused under the UN Global pact. The principle of eliminating child and forced labor is underpinned by the consequentialist theory of certain ou es following a particular course of action. In this case the use of child and forced labor had the consequences of Uzbek cotton being boycotted. In conclusion, the need for a universal code of ethics for global business is needed in order to ensure that certain standards of doing business are respected across the globe. This will safeguard against differences of what is considered morally right or wrong in different societies as seen in the case study of the Thai manufacturer. The need is also seen in the expected rights and responsibilities of shareholders who are privy to nonpublic information and how to use it ethically. The need for standardized code of ethics for employers is also seen where a code of conduct in the hiring process will result in the greatest good for the greatest number of people. The need for a universal code is not only needed but possible by enacting codes such as the UN Global pact for doing business which will give panies the moral backbone in making decisions not only to protect their brand reputation but to also ensure they run their business sustainably. Akkucuk, U. 2017, Ethics and sustainability in global supply chain management. Hershey, PA: Business Science Reference. Beasley, B., & Haney, M. R. 2013. Social media and the value of truth. Lanham, MA: Lexington Books. Crane, A., & Matten, D. 2016, Business ethics: managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford, Oxford University Press. Fryer, M. 2016, "A Role for Ethics Theory in Speculative Business Ethics Teaching", Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 138, no. 1, pp. 79-90. Holland, D. & Albrecht, C. 2013, "The Worldwide Academic Field of Business Ethics: Scholars' Perceptions of the Most Important Issues", Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 117, no. 4, pp. 777-788. James, M.L. 2015, "Voluntary Sustainability Reporting: A Case Exploring Ethical, Regulatory, And Strategic Considerations", Journal of the International Academy for Case Studies, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 91-96. Jaunich, G.J. 2012, Ethics and business decision-making, The College of St. Scholastica. Leach, M. M. 2012, The Oxford handbook of international psychological ethics. New York, Oxford University Press. Petrick, J., Cragg, W., & Saà ±udo, M. (2011). Business Ethics in North America: Trends and Challenges. Journal of Business Ethics, volume 104, pp.51-62. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/41476057 Rossouw, G. 2011, A Global parative Analysis of the Global Survey of Business Ethics. Journal of Business Ethics, 104, 93-101. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/41476061 Seay, S.S. 2015, "Sustainability Is Applied Ethics", Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 63-70. Strand, R. 2014, "Strategic Leadership of Corporate Sustainability", Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 123, no. 4, pp. 687-706. Thompson, P. B. (2015), From field to fork: food ethics for everyone. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press. UN, 2017.The ten principles of the UN Global pact. [online] Available at: [Accessed 31 May 2017] Wang, Y., Cheney, G. & Roper, J. 2016, "Virtue Ethics and the Practice-Institution Schema: An Ethical Case of Excellent Business Practices", Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 138, no. 1, pp. 67-77. Zsolnai, L. 2011, "Environmental ethics for business sustainability", International Journal of Social Economics, vol. 38, no. 11, pp. 892-899.

National culture and commitment-5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6250 words

National culture and commitment-5 - Essay Example Hypothesis 4: Western managers who have had previous expatriate experience in a collectivist culture (Middle East & Asia) will have a higher level of organisational commitment than their western colleagues who haven’t had such experience. Hypothesis 5: Saudi managers who have had previous expatriate experience in individualistic cultures (West) will have a higher level of professional commitment than their Saudi colleagues who have not had such experience. This chapter will serve to detail the results of the analyses conducted testing these six hypotheses. Initially, a set of descriptive statistics concerning the dependent and independent variables included in later analyses will be presented and discussed. Following this, reliability analyses concerning the dependent variables in question will be presented. Next, correlations between the four dependent variables of interest will be presented. The remainder of this chapter will be structured such that each hypothesis will be presented and discussed individually. Finally, a conclusion section will serve to summarize the results detailed in this chapter. The survey that was distributed for this study was sent to 850 individuals in total. In sum, 567 usable responses were received from this group of individuals, which translates into a response rate of 66.71%. Out of these 567 respondents, 177 were Saudi individuals working at Saudi companies, 190 were Saudis working within IJVs, and 200 were Westerners working in IJVs. Table 1 presents a summary of the breakdown in respondents on the basis of nationality. The majority of participants in the sample were male (99.6%), were in Engineering (67.7%), were working outside their home countries (56.1%), and had Bachelor’s degrees (66.0%). The nationalities of the sample were divided evenly among Saudis (31.2%), Saudi IJVs (33.5%), and Western IJVs (35.3%). Each of the variables from Table 2 is also